Performance-enhancing drug revelations have caused stirs in recent weeks across the sports world. Receiving top billing on SportsCenter and in newspapers throughout the country was Manny Ramirez (the Dodgers’ power hitter was handed a 50-game suspension after testing positive for a women’s fertility drug he was using in an attempt either to regulate his endocrine system after a battery of steroids, or to conceive sextuplets). Receiving top billing on the cadre of dorky running websites I look at on a daily basis was the story of Rashid Ramzi, the Morroccan-born 1500 meter runner who won gold for his adopted Bahrain at the Beijing Olympics. Though Ramzi did not test positive for anything during the Games, athlete blood samples have been preserved, and one of Ramzi’s was found to contain CERA, and illegal doping agent that testers did not have the capability to detect until now.
These incidents made me think of two articles: first, an opinion piece by Chuck Klosterman on espn.com. Among a number of other witty observations, Klosterman notes that, unique to seemingly all other classes of people, professional athletes are esteemed in large part according to their level of competitive desire.
Fans are very unforgiving of performative failures, but there are virtually no behavioral requirements for being beloved: For example, there are a handful of active superstars who many people still suspect might be murderers or rapists. The only thing we truly demand of pro athletes is that (a) they never associate with known gamblers, and (b) they always, always try to win. Randy Moss put a kid in the hospital and purposefully hit a cop with his Lexus, but the biggest mistake he ever made was relaxing on Vikings running plays; his critics will never forgive him for being openly lackadaisical. Ron Artest punched private citizens who paid to watch him work, but I’d still want him on my team if we were up two points with 15 seconds remaining on the clock…
Now I certainly don’t condone the actions of either Ramirez or Ramzi – they essentially defrauded their competitors – but I have no trouble seeing how they came about. Elite athletes are encouraged throughout their careers to be ruthlessly competitive, and it happened that these guys embodied this ideal to, in both their cases, a costly fault.
The second article I thought of was one I caught in the New York Times a few months back about a new treatment that helps speed the recoveries of injured athletes – basically, the idea is that they take a sample of a person’s blood, separate the platelets and plasma from the red blood cells, and then inject it into the injured area. The treatment has received excellent reviews from baseball and football players (including some of the Steelers’ finest), as well as from endurance athletes like Olympic runner Matt Tegenkamp. I’m not at all opposed to this, but it points to the philosophical inconsitencies that plague anti-doping efforts. The only way this procedure is different from the illegal pr
actice of blood packing is it uses a different part of the blood in the injection. What is the salient ethical distinction there? Should we only allow performance enhancers for athletes who are recovering injury? If that’s the case, why do we condemn Andy Pettite for using HGH to recover from injury, yet praise Tiger Woods for getting laser eye surgery to improve his golf game? What makes one procedure innovative, and another unscrupulous? These are questions that fringe endurance sports like cycling and running, which have a longer history of performance enhancement than mainstream sports, have been wrestling with for decades, but they’re only beginning to surface in the popular consciousness. They could be rendered moot in the not-so-distant future, though, by the advent of undetectable gene doping, in which athletes alter their DNA to the particular specifications of their sport. In the face of this and other new techniques, we may just have to sit back and let athletes pursue their competitive drives to the furthest possible ends.
P.S. – Back in the day, riders in the Tour de France used to chew on bull testicles for testosterone – how crazy is that shit?

